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CEFR C1

Passive Eligibility and Object Constraints

Check object type, agentivity, and fixed meaning before forming a passive.

Last updated: July 11, 2026

Explanation

A true accusative object normally becomes the passive subject. Agentive intransitives may form an impersonal passive. Measure, price, duration, and body-part accusatives are not promotable.

Possession/receipt, knowledge, states and changes of state, weather/existential verbs, reflexives, and fixed light-verb constructions normally resist the event passive. Semantic agentivity matters more than surface case.

Rule-to-example map

RuleGerman example
true accusative objectMan repariert das Rad. / Das Rad wird repariert.
intransitive with agentive subjectMan klatscht. / Es wird geklatscht.
dative remains dativeMan hilft dem Mann. / Dem Mann wird geholfen.
measure accusative cannot become subjectDas Paket wiegt zwei Kilo. / Nicht: Zwei Kilo werden gewogen.
possession verbSie besitzt ein Haus. / Kein normales Vorgangspassiv.
state/knowledge verbEr kennt die Antwort. / Kein normales Vorgangspassiv.
reflexive verbSie beeilt sich. / Nicht: Sie wird sich beeilt.
impersonal passive is possibleÜber das Problem wird gesprochen.
process/state contrastDie Tür wird geöffnet. / Die Tür ist geöffnet.

Exercises

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  1. Complete the task and justify the passive structure.

    10 tasks

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  2. Complete the task and justify the passive structure.

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  3. Complete the task and justify the passive structure.

    10 tasks

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